Introduction and Political Views of Aurobindo Ghosh

Life Introduction

Aurobindo Ghosh was born on August 15, 1872, in Calcutta. He stayed in England for almost 13 years and prepared to become ICS and ICS passed the written examination but due to the failure of horse riding, ICS could not be formed. He studied Indian politics at Cambridge University and returned to India in 1893. His life is mainly divided into two parts-

Fierce nationalist

Amul Changes

In the first phase of his life, he was a revolutionary in which he called the Congress, ie liberals, weak. According to them, they were decorating the dreams of freedom of the country through petitions and prayers. In this phase, he made a lot of criticism of the liberals and the Congress, and in this topi,c he published articles like New Lamp for Olds.

The second phase of his life began when he and his brother Virendra were trapped in Maniktala bombings and arrested on charges of treason, and their elder brother was hanged. At the same time living in jail, he studied self and studied spirituality in his life. While living in Pondicherry, he established an ashram named Aurovil. He died on December 5, 1950.

Political views of Aurobindo Ghosh

Their political views can be described in the following categories-

Passive Resistance

Aurobindo considered the passive resistance of passive resistance to Ireland. His passive resistance is very different from the passive resistance of Gandhi. According to them, passive resistance should be non-violent, but if the government becomes ruthless, then should not lose sight of the use of violence because it is cowardly to tolerate atrocities. But he believed that violence is the last resort and the nature of violence should not be so that it should be harmed, but it should be used only in the form of self defense. According to hi,m the passive resistance should be based on the following:

Proliferation of Swadeshi and boycott of foreigners

• The dissemination of national education by boycotting government educational institutions
• Boycott of government courts
• Boycott of all institutions formed bythe British government
• Government boycott of the government
• personal freedom

According to him, it is important to have three types of freedom in any society or country -

National independence (freedom from foreign control)

• Internal independence (self-governance free from the collective control of a particular group or group) and
•  Personal Freedom (the path to the awakening of national consciousness).
• According to him, personal freedom is the pre-condition of all kinds of freedom but it can not be obtained in the presence of foreign rule and because of personal independence, the national consciousness develops in the person, so without this, both other freedoms should not be obtained. can.

Rights

Aurobindo Ghosh has endorsed three types of rights -

• Independent Press and Freedom of Expression - It is important for every person to have the right to expression, because any thought expresses a concrete form and expresses an important role in running any institution, administration or government. Independent press spreads the ideas to the masses.
• Right to Independent Public Assembly - This right is a supplement to the right to freedom of expression.
• The person can not develop alone in the right to form an organization, but only after living in the group, he has to develop himself. Therefore, this right is necessary for an independent nation.

Nationalism

He has combined nationalism with spirituality and humanity. Aurobindo is also called the most successful nationalist of that time because he has criticized the Liberals and has generated a new zeal throughout the country through its revolutionary nationalism. According to him, man can not be different in any way, but the love of the nation ties him in the form of unity. They say "nationalism is the divine unity of the nation". His nationalist views are found in his article "Vande Mataram".

Human unity or world unity

They believed in secularism and unity and supported the creation of the World Union. According to him, human unity is the nature of nature, only then man is constantly developing social institutions and forming it in the form of unity, such as family, tribal and state.

State

Aurobindo considers the state not to be formed on a compromise or a divine basis but rather a continuously developed institution. They talk of giving limited powers to the state. According to him, the state should work only to prevent obstacles and injustice. According to him, the state is not a tool for the whole development of a human being.

Socialism

Aurobindo Ghosh considers socialism as the basis of the philanthropic state. But they were not the supporter of the principle and authoritarianism of centralization of state powers of socialism.

Democracy

Aurobindo Ghosh has criticized the representative democracy, he believes that in the name of the people's rule, some elite and rich persons are ruled by them and here the public gets political and economic rights, but individual rights are not obtained. According to him, centralization is dominated by this democracy, but all its defects can be eliminated by decentralization.

Compositions

a) The Life Divine

b) Essays on the Gita

c) The Synthesis of Yoga

d) The Ideal of Human Unity