SUBHASH CHANDRA BOSE was a very brilliant student and patriot since childhood.
Subhash Chandra Bose was born in a large family in Orissa. He was brilliant since childhood and always remained top in studies. He graduated in Philosophy from the first class in 1918. From the earliest days, the wave of patriotism was running in his blood. When Professor Oaten of Presidency College had spoken a few words against the nation, Bose strongly objected, as a result, he was expelled from the college.

 ICS (now Civil Services) brought a fourth place in the examination

After graduating he went to England to take the ICS exam. He had promised his father that he would definitely show this severe test by passing it. It was just as expected. He found the fourth place in this examination. By the way, he did not mind working from inside to the government. The massacre in Jalianwalla Bagh had shaken him from inside and in 1921 he resigned from ICS during the internship.

SUBHASH CHANDRA BOSE 

elected twice the President of the Indian National Congress
After returning to India, Subhash Chandra Bose worked with the Indian National Congress and joined Swaraj and Forward Newspapers. He soon caught up in the Congress and was elected president of the Indian National Congress in 1938 and 1939. He was a supporter of complete Swaraj whose Gandhi used to oppose. Gandhiji and other members of INC were on the policy of giving India a Dominion status and gradually moving towards full Swaraj. For this reason, he resigned from the post of President and established All India Forward Bloc.

He sought help from the enemy of his enemy

When Bose realized that the British would not liberate the country so easily, they decided to seek help from the enemies of the enemy and contacted Germany and Japan for it. With this step, it can not be concluded that he was favored by Nazi ideology. He did this because he could in any way get out of the clutches of the British. With the help of Japan, he founded the Azad Hind Fauj, which fought in South East Asia from the Allied forces. With the Japanese army, he gave freedom to Andaman Nicobar and along with the mounting army, Manipur also reached. But at the same time, the US used Japan to use World War 2, which weakened the Japanese army and the Azad Hind Fauj had to retreat.

They were patriots of patriots

Although Mahatma Gandhi was against the ideology of Subhash Chandra Bose, he called Bose "patriot of patriots". Bose was truly committed to India's independence and this title was given by Gandhiji was not wrong. He was the image of the most talented personality and patriotism of that time, which inspired thousands of young people and women.

His death remained a mystery

People say that he died in a plane accident in Taipei, Taiwan. But his death remained a mystery only because his body was not found and the ashes were taken to Japan. Sometimes it is speculated that he was alive and stayed for a few years in Russia and returned to India. Taiwan does not have any records of the plane that had crashed. Recently, the first consignment of 33 confidential files related to Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose has been handed over to the National Archives on Friday by the Prime Minister's Office.

He lived in India as Bhagwanji till 1985

There is also a rumor that he lived for many years in Bhagwanji's name in the state of Uttar Pradesh. There he also had a name known as gummi baba. He had retired and again he did not consider himself to be in Indian politics. It is said that he died in Faizabad in 1985 as anonymity Baba. The face of anonymity Baba was perfectly matched with Subhash Chandra Bose.

Lala Lajpat Rai is a very important place in Congress's extremist leaders. Like Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai in Punjab tried to bring new social and political consciousness. The people of Punjab called Lala Lajpat Rai with reverence as "Punjab Kesari".

Life of Lala Lajpat Rai

Lala Lajpat Rai was born in 1865 in Punjab. His father was a school inspector. Lala Lajpat was an intelligent intellect since childhood. They had great affection for ancient Indian civilization and culture. Due to this attachment, he studied ancient wisdom, religion, and culture in a deeper way. They were also opposed to foreign rule. His political philosophy was influenced by the philosophy of Dayanand Saraswati. By ending his education, he actively engaged in politics.

Lala Lajpat's place in history

In 1888, he got the membership of the Congress. He was quite dissatisfied with the Congress' moderate leaders and the Congress's alms policy. He was also an advocate of fierce nationalism like Tilak. Soon he along with Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal made his militant group known as Lal-Baal-Pal (<< Click to read in detail). These people oppose peaceful policies of confrontation. Consequently, the impact of moderates within the Congress began to decline and the influence of militants started increasing. In the Banaras Congress convention (1905 AD) the militants also held separate meetings in the Congress pandal. Lajpat Rai also participated in it. He said that if India wants to achieve independence, then she will have to stand on her own feet by abandoning Bhikshavatma.

Different from Congress

After the partition of Congress in 1907, Lala Lajpat Rai was separated from Congress. This year, apart from the Congress, he started a comprehensive movement against the "colonization act" in Punjab. Together with Lala Hardayal, he also participated in the revolutionary movements. Consequently, the government arrested him and exiled him from India. After the exile, Lajpat Rai went to the US and from there he continued to participate in anti-national movement and anti-British activities. He also composed a book related to India's miserable condition which was seized by the government.

Rehabilitation of India

Lala Lajpat Rai returned to India in 1920 AD. At that time, the whole country was preparing for the non-cooperation movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. When Gandhi started his movement, Lajpat Rai participated in this and succeeded him in Punjab. Angry by his actions, the government arrested him. After leaving the jail, he got active again in politics. In 1923, he was elected a member of the Central Assembly.

He also became a member of the Swaraj Dal, but after separating from it he established a national party. In 1925, he was made the Chairman of the Calcutta session of the Hindu Mahasabha. When the boycott of Simon Commission was planned in 1928, Lala also participated in it. They led the anti-Simon procession in Lahore. Police barges on protesters It hurt Lala Lajpat Rai on the head. Due to this injury, he died on November 17, 1928. The entire country was stunned by their untimely death. Lala Lajpat Rai's valuable contribution to Indian freedom struggle.

Early life of Guru Nanak

The patron of Sikhism was born in November 1769 at Talvandi (modern Nankana Sahib, Pakistan) on the banks of Guru Nanak Dev Ravi, in a Khatri family. His father's name was Mehta Kalu Chand. He was married at the age of 18 and was taught Persian to train in preparing accounts related to his father's business. But the tilt of Gurunanak was towards spiritualism and devotion from the beginning and they used to enjoy lot of satsang.

They did not experience any happiness in household life. Though he had two sons (Srichand and Lakhmidas) but for some time when he got a spiritual vision after living a household life, he took his sannyas. He used to compose poetry and sang with Sarangi. He made many trips to the welfare of the world's multiracial people. It is said that he went to countries like China, Burma, Sri Lanka, Arabia, Egypt, Turkey, Afghanistan etc. Their two disciples, Bala and Mardana, often accompany them. A large number of people were attracted to him.

Teachings and thoughts

Religious Views

Monotheism

Like Kabir, Nanak also emphasized monotheism. He envisioned such an event that is famine, intangible, unborn and self-made. According to him, God can neither be established nor created. He is self-centered, he is beyond alkha, immense, agam and senses. He has no time, no action or no caste. He said in a couple of words - "Parabrahma Lord is one, there is no one else."

Bhakti and love path and ideal character

According to Guru Nanak Dev, salvation is possible only by devotion and love towards God. For this there is no difference between caste, caste and class. According to them, the good behavior and proximity of God can be achieved with the ideal and high character.

Praise of the importance of the master and the opposition to the bump

Guru Nanak also considered the necessity of the master to perform the path or path as the first condition. He made bitter criticisms of idol worship, pilgrimage etc. He also opposed avatararism.

God is ubiquitous

Guru Nanak has seen the world not filled with delusion, but in the particle with the divine power.

There is an unbreakable relation between soul and soul
According to Nanak, the creature is born from God. God lives in the soul and the soul is immortal.

Moderate and coordinative approach

He stressed on his followers to adopt a moderate path, which can be followed by the practice of a householder-ashram and spiritual life can also be adopted. Like Kabir, Nanak also opposed communalism and emphasized on Hindu Muslim unity. Actually their goal was not to establish a new religion. His holistic approach was to establish peace, goodwill and brotherhood, and to resolve differences between Hindus and Muslims. He experienced that it is necessary to remove religious differences to fill the wounds of society. According to him, Hindutva and Islam are two separate ways to reach God, but the goal of these two is one - the realization of God. According to him, Hindu-Muslim sages are passionate about the Paradise. They wanted to establish goodwill and peace in the country by coordinating and uniting the two communities.

Social idea

Casteism

They opposed racism. He was a true humanist. He considered the service of human society to be the true god worship. They used to treat every human as equal and taught only love. His love was not oral, but it was a service spirit.

Feminization

They had a reformist attitude towards women. They considered women as great. Guru Nanak insisted on the need to restore the lost rights of women in their religion. They emphasized the equality of women and men.

Financial consideration

Guru Nanak Dev had loved the poor more than the rich and honesty earned them the true earnings. According to him, a rich man performs demonic actions by the subjugation of ego. He said that those people who consider property as themselves are really stupid. Nanak insisted on the proper distribution of the money in place of the collection of funds.

In short, the teachings and ideas of Guru Nanak were great and influential. He influenced medieval Indian society after Kabir. Even though his personality was calm, he was so powerful and influential that he would destroy any person's heart without destroying his evil rituals. His voice was filled with sweetness, purity, loyalty, and flow of ideas. Not only did he raise his voice against social defects but also attacked the religious superstitions. Their ideas later assumed the form of Sikhism.

Life Introduction

Aurobindo Ghosh was born on August 15, 1872, in Calcutta. He stayed in England for almost 13 years and prepared to become ICS and ICS passed the written examination but due to the failure of horse riding, ICS could not be formed. He studied Indian politics at Cambridge University and returned to India in 1893. His life is mainly divided into two parts-

Fierce nationalist

Amul Changes

In the first phase of his life, he was a revolutionary in which he called the Congress, ie liberals, weak. According to them, they were decorating the dreams of freedom of the country through petitions and prayers. In this phase, he made a lot of criticism of the liberals and the Congress, and in this topi,c he published articles like New Lamp for Olds.

The second phase of his life began when he and his brother Virendra were trapped in Maniktala bombings and arrested on charges of treason, and their elder brother was hanged. At the same time living in jail, he studied self and studied spirituality in his life. While living in Pondicherry, he established an ashram named Aurovil. He died on December 5, 1950.

Political views of Aurobindo Ghosh

Their political views can be described in the following categories-

Passive Resistance

Aurobindo considered the passive resistance of passive resistance to Ireland. His passive resistance is very different from the passive resistance of Gandhi. According to them, passive resistance should be non-violent, but if the government becomes ruthless, then should not lose sight of the use of violence because it is cowardly to tolerate atrocities. But he believed that violence is the last resort and the nature of violence should not be so that it should be harmed, but it should be used only in the form of self defense. According to hi,m the passive resistance should be based on the following:

Proliferation of Swadeshi and boycott of foreigners

• The dissemination of national education by boycotting government educational institutions
• Boycott of government courts
• Boycott of all institutions formed bythe British government
• Government boycott of the government
• personal freedom

According to him, it is important to have three types of freedom in any society or country -

National independence (freedom from foreign control)

• Internal independence (self-governance free from the collective control of a particular group or group) and
•  Personal Freedom (the path to the awakening of national consciousness).
• According to him, personal freedom is the pre-condition of all kinds of freedom but it can not be obtained in the presence of foreign rule and because of personal independence, the national consciousness develops in the person, so without this, both other freedoms should not be obtained. can.

Rights

Aurobindo Ghosh has endorsed three types of rights -

• Independent Press and Freedom of Expression - It is important for every person to have the right to expression, because any thought expresses a concrete form and expresses an important role in running any institution, administration or government. Independent press spreads the ideas to the masses.
• Right to Independent Public Assembly - This right is a supplement to the right to freedom of expression.
• The person can not develop alone in the right to form an organization, but only after living in the group, he has to develop himself. Therefore, this right is necessary for an independent nation.

Nationalism

He has combined nationalism with spirituality and humanity. Aurobindo is also called the most successful nationalist of that time because he has criticized the Liberals and has generated a new zeal throughout the country through its revolutionary nationalism. According to him, man can not be different in any way, but the love of the nation ties him in the form of unity. They say "nationalism is the divine unity of the nation". His nationalist views are found in his article "Vande Mataram".

Human unity or world unity

They believed in secularism and unity and supported the creation of the World Union. According to him, human unity is the nature of nature, only then man is constantly developing social institutions and forming it in the form of unity, such as family, tribal and state.

State

Aurobindo considers the state not to be formed on a compromise or a divine basis but rather a continuously developed institution. They talk of giving limited powers to the state. According to him, the state should work only to prevent obstacles and injustice. According to him, the state is not a tool for the whole development of a human being.

Socialism

Aurobindo Ghosh considers socialism as the basis of the philanthropic state. But they were not the supporter of the principle and authoritarianism of centralization of state powers of socialism.

Democracy

Aurobindo Ghosh has criticized the representative democracy, he believes that in the name of the people's rule, some elite and rich persons are ruled by them and here the public gets political and economic rights, but individual rights are not obtained. According to him, centralization is dominated by this democracy, but all its defects can be eliminated by decentralization.

Compositions

a) The Life Divine

b) Essays on the Gita

c) The Synthesis of Yoga

d) The Ideal of Human Unity