Quit India Movement - Role

The August Revolution of 1942 has a very important place in the history of India. The slogan of this revolution was "British Quit India" and literally, it seemed like a moment that the British would have to go from India. The defeat of All-India in place of Second World War had already got stuck at the hands of the British, and on that, it was a revolution of 1942. It seemed that the English Empire is now going to break down.

The British propagated to get help from the Indians that Indians themselves are the owners of their own country and they should go ahead and protect their country because even the threat of Japanese aggression on India has increased. In 1942, when Japan crossed the Pacific Ocean, came to Malaya and Burma, then Britain considered the agreement to negotiate with India. The British feared that even Japan would not invade India.

But Gandhiji thought that because of the presence of the British, Japan wanted to invade India, so he demanded the British leave India and handed over power to Indians. If the British government was ready to hand over power to the Indians, then India could help in the war.

The British were not ready for it. So the agitators threatened the British to leave India. Many Congress leaders thought that this was not the right time for this movement, given the Japanese threat. Maulana Azad did not agree with Gandhiji Congress meeting was held in Wardha in 1942 and the program of "Nonviolent protest" was passed with the efforts of Gandhiji and Sardar Patel. On August 8, 1942, a meeting of the Bombay Congress General Secretary was held under the chairmanship of Abul Kalam Azad, in which the proposal to leave India was approved.

Gandhi Ji Arrested

It was announced in the proposal that a large number of mass struggle started. The government did not wait for the beginning of the people's struggle. Overnight, Gandhiji and other leaders of the country were also arrested. Gandhiji was sent to Aga Khan Palace in Poona. Mahadev Bhai, Kasturba, Mrs. Naidu, and Meeraben were also closed. But the leaders did not go silent after the leaders went to jail. People had adopted the slogan "Do or Die". Performed everywhere The violent proceedings broke out in the country. People burnt government buildings Strikes were taking place all over the country and the nuisance had spread. Viceroy Linlithgow plunged all its blame on Gandhiji. He said that Gandhiji has invited violence.

During this time Kasturba was killed and Gandhiji got malaria. He became seriously ill The Indian public said that they should be released immediately. Officials released him and his colleagues by thinking that he was dead.

Unsuccessful Attempt

However, the August Movement / Quit India Movement could not be successful and could not give independence to India. But still, it proved to be the most important in comparison to other Indian movements. This movement reached mass-dissatisfaction at the peak point. This revolt was a rebellion of the Indian public against tyranny and suppression, which we can compare with the Fall of Bastille or Russia's October Revolution. Now the matter of colonial independence ended and the British decided to leave India and we got independence within five years.

August-Movement - Reasons

The August-movement was not an accident. It is necessary to mention some of the major reasons behind starting the movement.

1. Initially, the attitude of the British Government was evident from the scheme of Cripps. England did not want to correct constitutional stalemate in India correctly. Through the Cripps-Proposal, the government wanted to prove that Congress is not a representative body of the general public of India. India lacks unity. So the transfer of power is not possible.
2. The fear of Japanese aggression in India had increased. The British had to be forced to leave Singapore, Malaya, and Burma. Before the departure of Bengal, the August-Movement was launched to transfer power to the hands of Indians.
3. During the Japanese invasion of Burma, the English government adopted a policy of discrimination with the refugees. Indians were being kept in a painful situation and Indian soldiers were treated poorly. Disturbed by the behavior of the British Government with Indians, Gandhi announced the August-Movement.
4. In eastern Bengal, the government had kept the state of terror. To keep the soldiers was forced to empty the house. Land acquired without compensation was acquired. It was necessary to initiate a movement against the dictatorship of the government.
5. During the war, India's situation had become critical. The price increased a lot. Paper currency is promoted. The masses were facing too much difficulty in living. So economic dissent could take the form of violent revolution. In such a situation, Gandhiji announced the Quit India Movement and gave the mantra of "do or die" to make India independent.

Today, we are going to read about Kheda Movement. Kheda is the name of a place in Gujarat. In Kheda (Gujarat), after the farmer's movement of Champaran, there was a peasant movement in 1918 AD. Gandhiji also worked tirelessly to improve the worse condition of farmers in Kheda. In Kheda, farmer class was suffering from enlargement and other exploitation. Occasionally the farmers used to express their indignation by not leasing the landlords. The crop was destroyed due to drought in 1918 AD. In such a situation the difficulties of the farmers increased.

According to the Landing rules, if the crop was 25% less than the normal level in any year, then farmers had to get complete exemption in the soil condition. Despite the government officials of the Bombay government, they were not ready to believe that the yield was reduced. So the farmers were not ready to give a discount. Farmers were constantly pressurized to pay the penalty.

Kheda Satyagraha

After Champaran, Gandhiji looked at the farmers of Kheda. They mobilized the farmers and incited them to satyagraha against the governmental actions. The farmers also gave Gandhiji a lot of support. Farmers stopped paying a levy to the British government. The farmers who were deserving to pay rent also stopped leasing. The government gave strict threats and attachment threats, but farmers were not afraid of it too. A large number of farmers participated in this movement. Many farmers were put in jail

By June 1918, this Kheda movement of Kheda had taken a broader form. Given this anger and fearless attitude of the farmers, the government had to bow in front of them and eventually the government promised to give relief to the farmers. The point of the address is that during this movement, Sardar Vallabhbhai came in contact with Gandhiji and in the long run, Patel became a staunch follower of Gandhiji.

Importance of Champaran and Kheda movement

If you talk about the importance of Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha in Champaran and Kheda, these two movements were done very quietly in comparison to the earlier movements. The farmers forced the government to do Satyagraha to improve their condition. The farmers won both the agitations. These movements led to the enthusiasm of the farmers as well as the whole of India, and the feeling of self-confidence grew. After 1919, the farmers organized the more organized movement. A Kisan Sabha, a powerful farming organization was also established.

After 1857, the Mundas started the Sardar movement, which was a peaceful movement. But there was no special change in the condition of tribals. Mundas decided to make the forthcoming movement a fierce form. The Birsa Munda movement was fierce and violent, in contrast to the Sardar movement. Birsa Munda, a leader of this movement, was a well-written young leader. This movement was started to fulfill various objectives. Therefore its appearance was also mixed. The movement wanted to achieve various objectives like economic, political change and religious revival. Let's read about the purpose, leader, and result of Birsa Munda Movement.

Economic Objectives of Birsa Munda Movement

The economic objective of the Birsa movement was the return of tax-free land of the tribals who were captured by Diku landlords (non-tribal landlords) for which tribals were struggling for a long time. Munda was unable to get justice from the community government Confused by this inability, he decided to end the English rule and establish Munda Raj. They wanted to expel all British officers and Christian missions out of their area. Birsa Munda organized the Munda with the help of a new religion. Mundas under their leadership revolted in 1899-1900 AD.

Birsa Munda's Leadership

Seeing the miserable condition of Birsa Munda tribals, he wanted to liberate them from the tyranny of landlords and contractors. Birsa Munda had experienced that the result of running peaceful movement in a peaceful manner was in vain. Therefore, they organized more and more young people to make this movement intensifying. Mundas accepted him as their god. Each of his words became as Brahmacharya for the idiots. Birsa Munda announced that no government would pay taxes. Munda obeyed and obeyed them.

Birsa Munda Arrest

In 1895, Birsa Munda was arrested in the crime of spreading uprising and anti-state conspiracy. He was sentenced to two years of imprisonment. After being released from jail, he became more active and motivated the tribal youth to move more and more enthusiastically. Secret meetings were held secretly in the forest and everyone was motivated to participate in the movement. They used to practice archery by attacking the Queen Victoria's effigy with arrows. In Birsa Munda Movement, many innocent people were also killed, which was just because they were government servants.

Repression of Rebellion

In 1899, a wide and violent insurrection of the Mundas began on Christmas day. First of all, the Munda who became a Christian and tried to kill those who used to work for the government, but later this policy was changed because the people who changed their religion were Munda then their own community. So he left the voice against the government and the missionaries. Munda tribal group invaded many churches in Ranchi and Singhbhum. Police became a special victim of the anger of the Mundas. The effect of this rebellion spread throughout Chhotanagpur.

Being worried, the government decided to suppress this rebellion. The government took the help of the police and the army. The Mundas resorted to the guerrilla warfare and faced the police and the army, but how long did the bow and bow fall in front of the gun? In February 1900, Birsa was once again arrested. They were kept in Ranchi jail. On them, the government sued for sedition. During the trial Birsa Munda became cholera and he sacrificed his life on June 9, 1900.

RESULT

After the death of Birsa, the Birsa Munda Movement fell looser. Birsa's three key colleagues were sentenced to death Many Mundas were jailed in jail, As a result, Birsa Munda movement failed. Adivasis did not receive any immediate benefits from this movement, but the government was forced to consider their serious situation. Survey of the land of tribals was conducted The Chotanagpur Tenancy Act, 1908 passed in 1908 itself. Mundas got many land-related rights and they got rid of unemployment. Munda community still believes Birsa as its god.

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, father of Aligarh movement This movement was started under the leadership of Sir Syed Khan. He gave more emphasis on social reform and modern education, scientific and technological development. Let us know about the topic of Aligarh Movement in Hindi. The people who were the leaders of this movement will also discuss, when it started, etc.

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was born in a prosperous family in 1816 AD He was a good knowledge of Arabic and Persian. In the revolt of 1857 CE, Syed Ahmad Khan was loyal to the British and in his book "Upabab-e-Gadar" he had tried to prove that the revolt of 1857 was not operated by Muslims. The service of the company government was accepted in 1837 AD. In order to be loyal to the company government, he received the title of "Sir". Sir Syed Ahmed was a nationalist. He was a supporter of Hindu-Muslim unity and considered Hindus and Muslims to be the two stars of Bharat Mata's eyes. They considered each other's opponents an interpreter of destruction.

But Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, when supported by nationalism, When he came in contact with the bank, he became the translator of communalism. Sadly, due to the downfall of the Muslims, Sir Syed Ahmed thought that the welfare of the Muslims could be possible only through friendship with the British. To overcome the feeling of mistrust against the Muslims of the British, they published a letter called "Loyal Muhammadans of India".

The foundation of the Aligarh movement

Syed felt the need for modern education in Muslims and started a school in Aligarh in 1875, which later became "Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College" in 1877 AD and the same college was later replaced by the present Aligarh Muslim University Took the form of English education was preached among Muslims and the British rule was praised.

In protest against the Congress, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan established an institution called Muslim Educational Conference in 1886, whose sole aim was to keep Muslims out of Congress. With the help of King Shiva Prasad Stars of Benaras, Syed Ahmed established an organization named The United Patriotic Association. This institution expressed loyalty to the British Empire and opposed the Congress. They considered anti-Congress attitude to Muslims for the sake of the Muslims.

In 1893 AD, the "Muslim Anglo-Oriental Security Council" was established. The goal of this Council was to keep Muslims faithful to the government, strengthen the British rule and get the rights for the Muslims in collaboration with the British.

Aligarh had become a stronghold of Muslims. Among those who taught the lesson of communalism to the Muslims, the role of British principals like Bank Morrison and Archibald was very important. Aligarh movement has developed communalism in India.