In 1927, the Viceroy Lord Irwin called Mahatma Gandhi to Delhi and informed that a report is being prepared to bring legal reform in India, for which a commission has been created which will be headed by Sir John Simon. A key feature of the Simon Commission / Simon Commission was that only English was the English among its members.

Gandhiji considered it an insult to Indian leaders. His experience was that such commissions have been made to avoid the demand for independence. It was the opinion of all the leaders that the Simon Commission / Simon Commission is a way of dusting in the eyes and trying to sprinkle salt on the burn. The Government was seen watching the Simon Commission protesting from all sides and on 3 February 1928 the Simon Commission / Simon Commission landed at the port of Bombay. The strike was celebrated across the country on that day and Simon Go Back slogans started to be installed everywhere.

When this commission arrived in Lahore, the people showed black flags under the leadership of Lala Lajpat Rai and Simon Ganguja gave the sky with the slogans to go back to the commission. After seeing this, the police got out of the house and began to ladders. Lala Lajpat Rai was also a victim of sticks, and ultimately he died. Similar incidents took place in Lucknow, Patna and other places.

Sir Simon

Then the government announced to satisfy the Indians that some elected representatives of central and provincial legislatures will also be called in the commission. But they were not given any rights to those representatives. This proposal of the government was also opposed. The legislators refused to give their representative.

In the 1927 Madras convention of Congress, it was decided to complete the boycott of 'Simon Commission'.


While ignoring the complete boycott of Indians, the Simon Commission published its report on May 27, 1930. The main recommendations made in the report/report were as follows ...

• The government of India Act 1919/1919 Govt. Duplicate Government System / Diarchy System, implemented under the Indian Act, should be abolished.
• Constitution of the federal constitution for the country.
• The High Court should be kept under the control of the Government of India.
• Burma (now Myanmar) should be separated from India and Orissa and Sindh should be given separate province status.
• Increase the number of members in provincial legislatures / provincial assemblies
• It should be arranged that special attention should be given to the interests of Governor and Governor-General Minority Castes.
• The arrangements for the appointment of a Constitution Commission / Constitution Commission on every 10 years should be abolished.

Given the opposition of the masses, Viceroy Lord Irwin announced in October 1929 that India will be given a Dominion status and a Round Table Convention will be organized for the future constitution. Although as history is witnessing that there was no talk in these Round Table Conferences, still we can say that the Simon Report / Simon Report was the basis of the Indian Constitution Act of 1935. Thus the importance of Simon Commission cannot be rejected in the history of Indian independence.

Poona important point of public meeting

• To subscribe, each member had to present at least 50 adult people recommendation.
• In this institution, there were landlords, businessmen, retired government employees, teachers, lawyers etc.
• Each member had to give one-day income to the institution.
• Its chief members include Ganesh Vasudev Joshi, S.H. Sathe, S.H. Chiplunkar etc. were there.
• From the local members to the legislative council and work of the municipality, work of public welfare, etc., the efforts were made by the public meeting.
• In the first two years of the establishment, this institution has been active and opposed the tax increase.

WORK DONE

Poona public meeting took initiative in running the indigenous movement. During the famine, he worked relieving and stressed on creating a committee to check the status of the farmers. In 1874 AD, the money was sent for the assistance of the untoward of Bengalis. In 1875 AD, about 22 thousand people were signed and an application was sent to London, requesting that 16 seats for Indians in the British Parliament be reserved and it was recommended that the 50 rupees should be given the right to vote.

Poona Public Meeting organized a vital role in mobilizing political consciousness within Bombay, organizing the public and raising the spirit of country-love. Judicial meetings were also set up to resolve mutual disputes at the local level. The publication of the letter was started by the Assembly, in which the picture of the current pathetic situation of India was highlighted and the plan to improve it was highlighted.

WEAK SIDE

The work of Poona public meeting started to erupt soon in the eyes of the government and it was called the Anti-Reciprocity Union by the Secret Service Department of the Government. This meeting was a progressive institution, but it was unable to penetrate Maharashtra between the farmers and the lower classes. In fact, the new middle class, landlord and businessman held prominently in it.

In the conference of 1878 AD, a number of questions were raised before the government in front of the government, including excise tax, reductions in military expenditure, trade relations between India and England, arms law establishment of Indian Parliament etc. The Poona Public Sabha has been working as a bridge between the government and the people in its own way. There was a sense of synergy between various institutions of Maharashtra.

In the time of World War I, the country rulers had made valuable support from the British government. At the end of the war, planning for the development of responsible governance in India was planned.

Consequently, the need to explain the relationship between the native rulers and the British government and the need to define the British sovereign power. In fact, in order to check it in 1927 and give an appropriate opinion regarding this, the Indian-States-Committee, commonly known as Butler Committee in history, was constituted under the chairmanship of Harcourt Butler.

BUTLER COMMITTEE

The Recommendations of the Butler Committee were as follows:

• Not to be governor-general, including the council, to be associated with the states, but Viceroy became the representative of the British Empire.
• The process of relation between the British emperor and the native rulers should not be transferred to the Indian government without the opinion of the native rulers as it is accountable to the administrator.
• The plan to create the State Council can be canceled.
• Interference in the rule of the native states should be left to Viceroy's decision.
• Special committees have been appointed to resolve the differences of the Government of India and the State States.
• A committee should be appointed to check economic relations between British India and the indigenous States.
• The appointment of political officers and education should be made separately and they should be taken from the universities of England.

BUTLER COMMITTEE CONGRESS

Butler-committee's recommendations have been strongly condemned because its authors invented a new theory. In the report of the Committee, it was clearly stated that the princely states did not belong to the Indian government, but it was directly from the British emperor. But there was no historical basis for this direct relationship, but this principle was invented only for the purpose of establishing a large wall between the Indian government and the native states. This principle was planned to weaken the responsible government in British India. For this reason, some Indians have strongly criticized Butler Committee's recommendations.

Shri C.Y. Chintamani said that "Butler Committee was bad in his birth, the appointment time was bad; the conditions of its investigation were bad; people working in it were bad and the way it was checked was bad. The arguments of this report are bad and its conclusions are bad. "

In the report of Butler Committee there was no sign of future for the native states of the country. They had a modern idea and a lack of such things that could communicate faith and hope.